Carmelite Book Studies ~ The Book of the Foundations ~ St. Teresa of Avila ~ Teresa of Jesus: The Book of the Foundations - Discussion of Chapter 27 - St. Teresa of Avila

Tuesday, September 20, 2011

The Book of the Foundations - Discussion of Chapter 27 - St. Teresa of Avila - Teresa of Jesus

The Book of the Foundations

of S. Teresa of Jesus

of the Order of our Lady of Carmel

Discussion of Chapter 27 XXVII

      Chapter 27 Contents

Treats Of

-The Foundation In The City

   Of Caravaca.

- The Blessed Sacrament Is Reserved

   On New Year's Day

   Of The Same Year 1576.

- It Bears The Title Of

The Glorious Saint Joseph

1. Caravaca. —

2. The Saint undertakes

the foundation. —

3. Difficulties. —

4. The final arrangements made. —

5. The lords of Caravaca claim

   the jurisdiction over the monastery. —

6. The nuns intended for Caravaca. —

7. Sent out. —

8. Evils of melancholy. —

9. Nuns to guard against laxity. —

10. Exhortation to the nuns. —

11. No one to be refused

   because she is poor. —

12. How nuns ought to dispose

   of their wealth. —

13. The Saint confesses her integrity. —

14. And the hand of God. —

15. The hardships endured by the Saint. —

16. Her affection for the nuns. —

17. The monasteries founded

with the sanction of theGeneral. —

18. The foundations stopped. —

19. The Saint's joy. —

20. The Saint rejoiced in her troubles. —

21. Reasons of her writing. —

22. Interrupted and resumed. —

23. Ceases from writing. —

24. And asks for prayers.

█ The account of the Foundation at Caravaca

The Monastery of St. Joseph

at Caravaca

was founded on January 1, 1576

on New year's Day

on the Feastday of the Holy Name of Jesus

▀ Chronology of this Foundation

▀ Envisioning a Foundation at Caravaca

▀ The Preparations and Arrangements

▀ The Foundation is established

█ St. Teresa's Instructions to the Nuns

▀ With the help of God,

pray and strive in order

• to continue what God had begun

in the founding of these monasteries

• not to hinder the work of God,

and

• to remain faithful to the Rule.

█ St. Teresa discusses various aspects

of the founding of the monasteries:

█ Writing the History of the Foundations:

▀ Reasons for her writing

▀ Chronology

▀ Content

[The above Drawing is from:

"St Teresa of Jesus of the Order

of Our Lady of Mt Carmel

embracing The Life , Relations,

Maxims, and Foundations"

Edited by John J. Burke, C.S.P.

from www.books.google.com

   Discussion of Chapter 27

█   The account of the Foundation at Caravaca

    The Monastery of St. Joseph

   at Caravaca

was founded on January 1, 1576

   on New year's Day

on the Feastday of the Holy Name of Jesus

   . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



   Although St. Teresa is relating

   the account of each foundation

   one at a time, chapter by chapter,

   many of these convents were being established

at the same time.



Malagon and Valadolid

were established in 1568 by St. Teresa

within 4 months of eachother.



Toledo and Pastrana

were established in 1569 by St. Teresa

   within 2 months of eachother.



Salamanca and Alba de Tormes

were established in 1570-1571 by St. Teresa

within 3 months of eachother.

Beas and Seville

were established in 1575 by St. Teresa

within 3 months of eachother.

   During which she was also

   making arrangements for Caravaca.

▀ Chronology of the Foundation of Caravaca

February 1575

    St. Teresa, in Avila, receives the request of

   Dona Catalina de Otalora

to start a foundation in Caravaca.

   "It was in February

   they had sent the message to Avila."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #5 ]

   "the messenger of Dona Catalina

   found her there (in Avila) in February 1575"

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #10 ]

March 10, 1575

   "March 10.

Agreement for the Caravaca convent signed"

["Complete Works St. Teresa of Avila":

Vol 1: Introduction:

   An outline of the Life of St. Teresa

   Translated by Edgar Allison Peers ]

   "The contract whereby the young ladies

   bound themselves to contribute...

   bears the date of 10th March 1575".

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27:

   Foot note #6 ]

June 9, 1575

   "June 9.

   New licence for the Caravaca convent

   granted by Philip II"

   ["Complete Works St. Teresa of Avila":

   Vol 1: Introduction:

   An outline of the Life of St. Teresa

   Translated by Edgar Allison Peers ]

December 18, 1575

  The Discalced Carmelite Nuns

   arrive in Caravaca

to establish the convent.

     "They arrived 18th December 1575".

[ Foundations: Ch. 27:

   Foot note #14 ]

January 1, 1576

   The Foundation is established

with the First Mass offered and

   The Blessed sacrament reserved

   "The monastery was founded, and

the Most Holy Sacrament carried in

on the feast of the Name of Jesus, 1576."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #7 ]

   "January 1.

Foundation of Convent at Caravaca

during ( St. Teresa's) stay in Seville"

["Complete Works St. Teresa of Avila":

   Vol 1: Introduction:

   An outline of the Life of St. Teresa

Translated by Edgar Allison Peers ]

"1576

The foundation of Caravaca

   made 1st Jan.

while the Saint was in Seville,

   searching for a house, and

   waiting tor the licence

   of the archbishop.

   [ Foundations: Introduction:

"Annals of the Saint's Life" ]

November 14, 1576

   "St. Teresa finished writing this account

while in the Monastery at Toledo

"14th November 1576,

in the monastery of S. Joseph, Toledo"

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #23 ]

▀  Envisioning a Foundation at Caravaca

   ▪  Dona Catalina de Otalora  of Caravaca

sent a messenger to St. Teresa

requested a Convent to be founded

in Caravaca

"It was in February

   they had sent the message to Avila."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #5 ]

   There were 3 young womanin Caravaca

   who hoped to enter the Carmelite Order

   "after hearing a sermon

by a father of the Society of Jesus"

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27: #1 ]

   "Father Leiva, a Jesuit, spoke to them

   of S. Teresa and her convents."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27:

   Foot note #3 ]

   "The young ladies were

     Dona Francisca de Sarjosa,

   a cousin of Dona Catalina;

     Dona Francisca de Moya

and

     Dona Francisca de Tauste"

[ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #2 ]

▀ The Preparations and Arrangements

     ■ A house was provided

   "it was in the house of Rodrigo de Moya,

who..was the father of one of the young girls,

  Dona Francisca de Cuellar,

and who had given us a part of it.

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27: #4

   and Foot note #2 ]

   "those who were to become nuns,

   lodged...in a room by themselves,

   as if they were already withdrawn

   from the world."

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27: #3 ]

  ■ Father Julian of Avila and Antonio Gaytan

are requested to go beforehand

to evaluate and expedite preparations.

   "I begged the Father Julian of Avila

and Antonio Gaytan

   to go and see how the matter stood...

   "They found it had been

   very much neglected"

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27: #3 ]

"they had the deeds drawn up

   before they returned"

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #3 ]

"I sent back again the good Antonio Gaytan"



"I told him to go and put up

   the turn with the grating

   where they were to take possession,

   and

   where the nuns were to remain

   till they found a proper house."

   "He was there many days

   exceedingly well pleased,

   busy with this. "

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27: #4 ]

  ■ Difficulties with the License



"The jurisdiction of Caravaca

was divided between

   the knights and

   the bishop of Cartagena..."

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #7 ]

"When they had obtained the licence...

   I heard that by one of the clauses thereof

- the house was to be subject

   to the commandery,

   and

- that the nuns were to yield

   obedience to the knights" [7]

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27: #5 ]

That I could not allow,

   because it was to be a house

   of the Order of Our Lady of Carmel,

   and accordingly they applied

   for another licence ;

   and here...

they could not get it.

   But the king now reigning, Don Philip...

he gave orders for the issuing

   of the licence,



....he helped us in everything



Then...another application

   had to be made for a licence,

   and the poor children (nuns to be)

continued shut up

   till the following New Year's Day.

The licence now was very soon obtained..."

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27: #5 ]

     ■ St. Teresa, unable to come to Caravaca,

   sends the prioress and nuns for that convent:

"They arrived 18th December 1575"

    at Caravaca

[ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #14 ]

   "...it was impossible for me to go myself,

both

because of the great distance

and

because this (Seville) foundation

   was not yet completely made,

   "the Father-Master Fray Jerome Gratian,

   who...was apostolic visitor at the time,

resolved that the nuns

who were intended

   for the foundation there,

and

who were then

   in S. Joseph's of Malagon,

   should go thither,

   though I could not go with them.

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27: #6 ]



"The Saint ... chose Anne of S. Albert

     (as Prioress) for Caravaca

who was sent from Seville,

   where she was at this time,

and was to take with her from Malagon

   the nuns whom the Saint had left there

for the foundation in Caravaca.

These were

  Barbara of the Holy Ghost,

  sub-prioress ;

     Anne of the Incarnation,

  Juana of S. Jerome, and

    Catharine of the Assumption"

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27:

   Foot note #13 ]

   "they departed with two of our fathers

   of the barefooted Carmelites" [14]

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27: #7 ]

"Father Ambrose of S. Peter,

sub-prior of Almodovar,

and another

   whose name is not on record"

   They arrived 18th December 1575.

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #14 ]

▀ The Foundation is established

"The monastery was founded, and

the Most Holy Sacrament carried in

   on the feast of the Name of Jesus, 1576.

   [15]

"On the first day of the year,

which is that

   of the Circumcision and

   of the Name of Jesus,

under the patronage

   of the glorious S. Joseph"

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27:

   Foot note #15 ]

   "Two of them

   (the young ladies desiring to enter Carmel)

   took the habit at once"

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27: #7 ]

   "Dona Francisca de Cuellar

(Frances of the Cross);

  Dona Francisca de Tauste

   (Frances of S. Joseph);

the...two made profession

   27th October 1577,

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #16 ]

   "while the third...

   Dona Francisca de Sarjossa

   (Frances of the Mother of God)

   ...put on the habit..

   in about two or three months

after this.

(and) ....made profession ...

   1st June 1578.

   [ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #16 ]

█ St. Teresa's Instructions to the Nuns

▀ With the help of God,

pray and strive in order

• to continue what God had begun

in the founding of these monasteries

• not to hinder the work of God,

and

• to remain faithful to the Rule.

St. Teresa exhorts the nuns

who have entered these foundations regarding:

♦ Thanksgiving and Prayer

to God, whose work it is,

and also

for all the Nuns, Fathers, Brothers,

Patrons, and Laity

who toiled in poverty and difficulties

in order to bring about these foundations,

She prays that

"His Majesty (will continue to)

- pour down His grace abundantly on us,

for then nothing will hinder us

from advancing ever more and more

in His service,

and also

- protect and defend us all,

so that what has been well begun,

as it has been his good pleasure

to have made a beginning

in such poor women as we are,

may not prove a failure

through our weakness.

♦ To observe the rule

so that the spirit of the foundations,

will be preserved

as well as the peace and joy

of pleasing God

that is found within these convents.

- "to pray to our Lord for this,

and

- let every one of those

who shall hereafter enter

look on herself

as if the primitive rule

of the order of the Virgin our Lady

had its beginning in her,

and

- never in any way consent

to any mitigation of it.

Consider

- that the door is opened

for very great laxity

by very little things,

and

- that the world may come in

before you are aware of it.

Remember

that what you possess in peace

has been wrought in poverty and toil;

and if you look deeply into it

you will see

- that most of these houses

were generally founded,

not by man,

but by the mighty hand of God

and

- that His Majesty is most ready

to carry on the work He has begun

if we do not hinder Him".

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #9 ]

"you will find it to be His work."

"It is not right

we should in any way impair it,

...for life is to live

- in such a way as not to be afraid

of death,

of anything that may happen

while it lasts,

- in the possession

of that continual joyfulness

which you now have all of you,

and

of this prosperity

that never can be greater,

consisting in the utter absence

of the fear of poverty,

or rather in the desire of it."

"It is in your power

to live and die in it

as you saw them die

who have died in these houses.

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #10 ]

(never) "would I in any way do,

nor have I done anything whatever,

if I but knew it,

that swerved by a hair's breadth

from the will of our Lord,

according to the directions

of my confessors"

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #13 ]

"Then, if you always

- pray God to further this work,

- having no confidence

in yourselves

— if you put your trust in Him,

and are courageous —

seeing that His Majesty loves it.

He will not withhold His mercy."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #10 ]

"I, too, see very clearly

that the work was

not mine,

but God's,

Who willed it should be done;

and, as it was His own work,

He helped me,

and was thus gracious unto me.

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #14 ]

■ Regarding the Admission of Nuns

into the Convent

▪ "No one to be refused

because she is poor."

"Have no fear

that you will ever

be in want of anything;

Never fail to receive those

who come to be nuns

merely because they are

without worldly goods,

- if they are virtuous,

- when you are satisfied

with their good desires

and their abilities,

and

- they come not simply

for a place to live in,

but rather to serve God

in greater perfection;

for God, on the other hand,

will give you that twofold

which you should have had with them.

His Majesty knows well

that, so far as I can remember,

I never failed to receive one

because she was poor,

provided I was pleased with her

in other respects.

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #11 ]

▪ "How nuns ought to dispose

of their wealth"

"When one comes with means,

under no obligations

to bestow them on others...

it is right she should give them

to you

by way of alms"

This would seem reasonable

for the Monasteries

so that the cost of housing and feeding

of the nun would be supported.

But, she advises

"it would be a serious evil

if we claimed the property of anyone

that came to us for any other end

but that."

She teaches that the convents benefit

from a nun's actions

of devotion to God

and charity and obedience

not from "anything

she may bring with her,".

"We make a much greater gain

— that is, we act

in much greater perfection —

when she does

that which is a duty to God,

than by receiving

anything she may bring with her,

for we all of us have no aim....

other than the service of His Majesty

in and by everything."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #12 ]

█ St. Teresa discusses various aspects

of the founding of the monasteries:

■ The difficulties of administering

multiple foundation in different locations

"When I had my health

I bore all my bodily toils with joy.

"I had not a little to bear

when I had to bear with,

as it was necessary

I should in every place,

- the tempers of many people,

and

- in leaving behind

my daughters and my sisters,

when I had to go away

from one place to another:

that was not, I may tell you,

the least of my crosses,

for I love them so much

— especially when I considered

that I might never see them again,

and

saw them sorrowing and weeping;

for, though they are detached

from everything else,

God has not given them

this kind of detachment,

perhaps that it might be

a greater anguish for me;

neither was I detached from them"

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #16 ]

■ The monasteries were founded

not only with permission of her superiors,

but in obedience to their directives.

"these monasteries were founded

not only with the permission

of ...our father-general,

but by an express precept

or commandment

subsequently given.

This is not all,

for he wrote to me to say

of the foundation of each house

that it gave him

the very greatest pleasure

when the foundations...were made.

...I felt that I was pleasing our Lord

when I was pleasing him,

for he is my superior..."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #17 ]

"Our Father-General...

when I had begged him not to bid me

make any more foundations,

says that he wished me

to found as many monasteries

as I had hairs on my head.'

[ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #19 ]

■ St. Teresa is directed to cease

establishing new foundations

(for a time)

"The foundations stopped. "

"there was brought to me

from the general chapter,

a decree of the definitory

enjoining me

◦ not only to make no more foundations,

◦ but also, on no account whatever,

to leave the house

I should choose to dwell in,

At the same time

two other and very grave charges

were brought against me,

but they were not true."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #18 ]

After Caravaca, her 12th convent,

which was founded on 1 January, 1576

there was a four year suspension.

The thirteenth convent,

Villanueva de la Jara,

was founded 21 Feb., 1580

[ See Foundations: Introduction:

List of monasteries ]

"The Saint had now been ordered

by the provincial to

leave Seville

and

take up her residence

in some other monastery,

the choice of which was,

however, left to her.

[ Foundations: Ch. 25:

Foot note #5 ]

"though the provincial told her

she might appeal to His Holiness

against his decree,

she would obey the general

and seek no relief,

but submit herself to his rule."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #21 ]

"1575

(end of year)

Fray Angel de Salazar,

provincial of Castille,

bids the Saint make no more foundations,

and

orders her further to withdraw

into any one of her monasteries,

and there to remain.

She proposes to withdraw

to Valladolid at once...

but Fray Jerome bids her stay

for the present where she is"

(because she is needed in Seville)

1576

4th June.

She sets out for Toledo,

where she was to stay

according to the order of the general...

9th August,

she is settled in Toledo."

[ Foundations: Introduction:

Annals of the Saint's Life" ]

1575

(Shortly before Christmas).

Receives a written order

from the General to leave Andalusia

and to go to reside

in a Castilian convent.

P. Gracian authorizes her to stay

at Seville till the summer .

1576

(From June 1576 to June 1580

St. Teresa is mainly at Toledo and Avila.

Strife within the Order

holds up the foundations.)

[ Complete Works St. Teresa of Avila

Volume 1: Introduction

"An outline of the Life of St. Teresa"

Translated by Edgar Allison Peers ]

"The prohibition to make foundations,

if it had not been for the displeasure

of the most reverend general,

would have been a great comfort to me"

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #19 ]

"1579 ( approximately June)

P. Salazar authorizes St. Teresa

to resume the visitation

of her convents."

[ Complete Works St. Teresa of Avila

Volume 1: Introduction

"An outline of the Life of St. Teresa"

Translated by Edgar Allison Peers ]

■ St. Teresa remained content and in peace

in the face of opposition

"I had a joy

in the contradictions and reproaches

I met with

while employed

in making these foundations;

"my chief source of joy lay in this...

that, as creatures thus repaid me,

I must have pleased my Creator,

for I know

that he

who will take his pleasure

in the things of earth

in the praise of men

will be greatly deceived...

men are

of one opinion today,

of another tomorrow;

that of which

they once speak well

they soon revile.

Blessed be Thou,

my God and my Lord,

who never changest, never ! "

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #20 ]

█ Writing the History of the Foundations:

▀ Reasons for her writing.

"I began to write

the history of these foundations

at the commandment

of the Father-Master Ripalda

of the Society of Jesus,

He was then rector

of the college in Salamanca

and I used to confess to him.

▪ Benefits

"our Lord having told her

that(the book od the Foundations)

would be to the profit of many souls."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #26 ]

"the great desire I had while writing

to be able to say something

that might be a comfort to you..."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #24 ]

The writings also provided information

regarding those

Nuns, Fathers, Brothers, Bishops,

patrons, and laity

who donated and strived

in the founding of these convents.

Their example

of devotion, generosity, and effort

provides a model for the reader

and for those nuns who joined

and will join the Order.

▪ Request for prayers

"I implore the sisters and brothers

who shall read this,

for the love of our Lord,

to pray to our Lord for me"

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #24 ]

St. Teresa often directed her nuns

to pray for those

who have helped them

and

who toiled

in poverty and difficulties

to establish these foundations,

"It is only reasonable...my sisters...

that you should pray to God

for one who has done

so much for us,

and for others also,

whether he be living or dead.

...I write this for that end:

to this holy man we owe much."

[ Foundations: Ch. 25: #8 ]

▀ Chronology of the writing

       The writing of the history

   of her foundation at Avila

     was requested by Fray Garcia of Toledo,

   It was included in "The Life",

   Chapters 32 - 34

   Later...

    "Some of it I wrote

when I was sojourning there

(in Salamanca) in the monastery

of the glorious S. Joseph,

in the year 1573"

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #21 ]

"1573...

In Salamanca

her confessor, Father Jerome Ripalda,

bids her write

the history of her foundations.

She begins to write 24th August"

[ Foundations: Introduction:

"Annals of the Saint's Life" ]

Athough she wrote under obedience,

she later did not concurrently record

the history of the new foundations

as they were established

"because of my many occupations,

because I was not then confessing to him

— Fr Ripalda had gone to another part

of the country —

and also

because it cost me

so much toll and labour to write"

"I was ordered to finish the work. [26]

by the father the commissary apostolic,

who is at present

the Fray Jerome Gratian

of the Mother of God.

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #21 ]

And though she

"had few opportunities...for writing...

nevertheless he commanded me

to finish it by degrees,

or when I could."

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #22 ]

"I finish today, the vigil of S. Eugenius,

14th November 1576,

in the Monastery of S. Joseph, Toledo,

where I am staying

by the order

of the commissary apostolic,

Fray Jerome Gratian

of the Mother of God"

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #23 ]

"1582 (July)

Completes Foundations…"

[Complete Works St.Teresa of Avila

Vol 1: Introduction:

An outline of the Life of St. Teresa

Translated by Edgar Allison Peers ]

▀ Content

◦ Avila Foundation's History

( Avila 24 August, 1562)

in the Autobiography, "The Life"

Chapters 32 - 34

"The history of the

Foundation of S. Joseph, Avila,

was written by direction

of Fray Garcia of Toledo,

and is inserted in the Life,

(chs. xxxii, ii-xxxvi.)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

◦ Medina del Campo 15 August, 1567

Malagon 11 April, 1568

Valladolid 15 August, 1568

Duruelo (friars) 28 Nov. 1568

Toledo 14 May, 1569

Pastrana 9 July, 1569

Pastrana (friars) 13 July 1569

Salamanca 1 Nov. 1570

Alba de Tormes 25 Jan. 1571

"Then she was commanded

by Father Ripalda, S.J.,

to write the history

of the other foundations,

which she began to do in Salamanca

on the feast of S. Bartholomew, 1573

(Foundations: Prologue § 5),

and brought it down to the history

of the foundation in Alba de Tormes;

and thus the first part

ends with ch. xx".

"my confessor, the Master Ripalda,

Father Rector of the Society,

has ordered me to write.

He, having seen the book containing

the story of the first foundation,

thought it would be a service

done to our Lord

if I committed to writing the story

of the other seven monasteries"

[ Foundations: Prologue: #2]

◦ Segovia 19 March, 1574

Beas 25 February, 1575

Seville 29 May, 1575

Caravaca 1 January, 1576

"When she was staying in Toledo...

she was directed by Fray Jerome

to finish the book,

and she then added the rest,

beginning with ch. xxi.

down to the end of ch. xxvii...

Fray Jerome laid his command upon her

soon after her arrival in Toledo...

And in another letter to Father Gratian

dated 5th October 1576,

the Saint says she was then going

to begin to write,

our Lord having told her

that it would be

to the profit of many souls.

[ Foundations: Ch. 27:

Foot note #26 ]

"On the 9th day of August (1576)

the Saint was in Toledo."

[ Foundations: Ch. 26:

Foot note #1 ]

"In Toledo the Saint continues

the Book of the Foundations

as far as ch. xxvii,

adding to it the account

of the foundations of Segovia,

Veas, Seville, and Caravaca"

[ Foundations: Introduction:

"Annals of the Saint's Life" ]

"I finish today, the vigil of S. Eugenius,

14th November 1576,

in the Monastery of S. Joseph, Toledo"

[ Foundations: Ch. 27: #23 ]

"1576... November 14.

Completes Chapter XXVII

of Foundations" (Caravaca)

[Complete Works St.Teresa of Avila:

Vol 1: Introduction:

An outline of the Life of St. Teresa

Translated by Edgar Allison Peers ]

◦ The later Foundations

"1582 (July)

Completes Foundations

(Chapter) XXXI was being written

at "the end of June"

[Complete Works St.Teresa of Avila

Vol 1: Introduction:

An outline of the Life of St. Teresa

Translated by Edgar Allison Peers ]

End of the Discussion

of Chapter 27

of the

Book of the Foundations

of S. Teresa of Jesus

of the Order of our Lady of Carmel

Tuesday, September 20, 2011

The Book of the Foundations - Discussion of Chapter 27 - St. Teresa of Avila - Teresa of Jesus

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